NCLEX-PN Exam Cram 5th Edition

NCLEX-PN Exam Cram 5th Edition:

Covers exactly what you need to know to score higher on your NCLEX-PN exam

400 sample test questions help you gain confidence and decide when you’re ready to take the actual exam

Includes the popular Cram Sheet tear card to help you remember key concepts and do extra last-minute

Exam Alerts identify important information found on the exam

Simplifies key medication aide concepts and techniques for easy learning

Covers the critical information you’ll need to know to score higher on your NCLEX-PN exam!

• Discover how the NCLEX-PN exam works, and how best to prepare for it
• Understand essential disease processes, treatments, and diagnostic studies
• Care for clients with respiratory, genitourinary, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, neurological, and many other disorders
• Serve maternal, infant, and pediatric clients
• Provide compassionate and effective psychiatric care
• Consider cultural, religious, and legal concerns associated with client care
• Review all stages of the nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
• Address client needs for a safe, effective care environment; health promotion and maintenance; and psychosocial and physiological integrity.

About the authors:

Wilda Rinehart Gardner received an Associate Degree in Nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi. After working as a staff nurse and charge nurse, she became a public health nurse and served in that capacity for a number of years. In 1975, she received her nurse practitioner certification in the area of obstetrics-gynecology from the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1979, she completed her Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In 1980, she completed her Master of Science degree in Nursing from the same university and accepted a faculty position at Northeast Mississippi Community College, where she taught medical-surgical nursing and maternal-newborn nursing. In 1982, she founded Rinehart and Associates Nursing Consultants. For the past 26 years, she and her associates have worked with nursing graduates and schools of nursing to assist graduates to pass the National Council Licensure Exam for Nursing. She has also worked as a curriculum consultant with faculty to improve test construction. Ms. Rinehart has served as a convention speaker throughout the southeastern United States and as a reviewer of medical-surgical and obstetric texts. She has co-authored materials used in seminars presented by Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review.

Dr. Diann Sloan received an Associate Degree in Nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College, a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from the University of Mississippi, and a Master of Science degree in Nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In addition to her nursing degrees, she holds a Master of Science in Counseling Psychology from Georgia State University and a Doctor of Philosophy in Counselor Education, with minors in both Psychology and Educational Psychology, from Mississippi State University. She has completed additional graduate studies in healthcare administration at Western New England College and the University of Mississippi. Dr. Sloan has taught pediatric nursing, psychiatric mental health nursing, and medical-surgical nursing in both associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. As a member of Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review, Dr. Sloan has conducted test construction workshops for faculty and nursing review seminars for both registered and practical nurse graduates. She has co-authored materials used in the item-writing workshops for nursing faculty and Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review. She is a member of the Sigma Theta Tau nursing honor society.

Clara Hurd received an Associate Degree in Nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi (1975). Her experiences in nursing are clinically based, having served as a staff nurse in medical-surgical nursing. She has worked as an oncology, intensive care, orthopedic, neurological, and pediatric nurse. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from the University of North Alabama in Florence, Alabama, and her Master of Science degree in Nursing from the Mississippi University for Women in Columbus, Mississippi. She currently serves as a nurse educator consultant and an independent contractor. Ms. Hurd has taught in both associate degree and baccalaureate degree nursing programs. She was a faculty member of Mississippi University for Women; Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, Tennessee; Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee; and Northeast Mississippi Community College. Ms. Hurd joined Rinehart and Associates in 1993. She has worked with students in preparing for the National Council Licensure Exam and with faculty as a consultant in writing test items. Ms. Hurd has also been a presenter at nursing conventions on various topics, including item-writing for nursing faculty. Her primary professional goal is to prepare the student and graduate for excellence in the delivery of healthcare.

Reviews about the ebook:

• Kimberly Delmundo:

  This book was amazing and I highly recommend it! I bought this book roughly three weeks before the NCLEX-PN and judiciously read a chapter or two (because it’s just THAT short and easy to read) a day. I just passed my NCLEX two days ago with a minimum of 85 questions! Keep in mind that I’m HORRIBLE with written tests. The Cram Sheet was also very useful. Definitely worth the money. Good luck to all those taking the NCLEX! You’ll do amazing. 🙂

• Min:

  This book is amazing, I like to use it when making flashcards for my tests, it breaks down everything into much simpler terms, everything is right there in each chapter, I would call this a lifesaver for me. It has everything you need as a nursing student as far as information goes, practice questions are a bonus as well as the first page of all land values & normal ranges, which is a must know of course.

• Rebekah J Murga:

  This book was perfect, because of this book I was able to pass my NCLEX exam first attempt! The book is divided into chapters, each of them provides the information in simplistic words, but they are very helpful. A lot of quizzes are in the book and it’s a code for your computer so you can take it online. This is a really helpful book, but you should find other books and materials to help you study such as one is not enough.

• Addie:

  Great study book. I’ll let you know after I take my boards.

• Robyn Joy:

  Passed my NCLEX first try in 85 questions! I read each chapter and did one of the practice tests every day, starting about 4 weeks before I sat for my exam.

• Angelica:

  THE REVIEW IS UP TO THE POINT, EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND THE TOPICS ARE VERY RELEVANT. THANK YOU

  SO-OOOO MUCH FOR OVERNIGHT THE BOOK. WE NEEDED IT ASAP AND DESPERATELY!!WE LOVE YOU!!!!! THOMPSON AND HER STUDENTS.

• Vincent:

  Great rationales for NCLEX questions. Breaks down the answer to its questions. Good review resource.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Welcome to the NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram

Taking the Computerized Adaptive Test

The Cost of the Exam

How to Prepare for the Exam

How to Use This Book

About the Book

Contact the Authors

Self-Assessment

Companion Website

Accessing the Pearson Test Prep Software and Questions
Self-Assessment

Testing Your Exam Readiness

Chapter 1 Preparing for the National Council Exam for Licensed Practical Nurses

Preparing for the Exam

The Computer Adaptive Test

Testing Strategies

Reading the Question Carefully

Look for Keywords

Watch for Specific Details

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales
Chapter 2 Simplifying Pharmacology

Pharmacology

Three Areas of Pharmacology

How Nurses Work with Pharmacology

Time-Released Drugs

Administering Medications

Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Beta Adrenergic Blockers

Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides)

Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Antianxiety)

Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic)

Glucocorticoids

Antivirals

Cholesterol-Lowering Agents

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Histamine 2 Antagonists

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Anticoagulants

More Drug Identification Helpers

Herbals

Drug Schedules

Pregnancy Categories for Drugs

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 3 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Asthma

Acute Respiratory Infections

Pneumonia

Pleurisy

Tuberculosis

Influenza

Acute Respiratory Failure

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Embolus

Emerging Infections

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Legionnaire’s Disease

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 4 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Renal and Genitourinary System

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

End Stage Renal Disease

Peritoneal Dialysis

Hemodialysis

Renal Transplantation

Nephrotic Syndrome

Urinary Calculi

Urinary Tract Infections

Genitourinary Disorders

Prostatitis

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Bladder Cancer

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 5 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Hematopoietic System

Anemia

Pernicious Anemia

Aplastic Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Cooley’s Anemia (Thalassemia Major)

Hemophilia

Polycythemia Vera

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 6 Caring for the Client with Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Acid/Base Balance

Basic Knowledge of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Regulation of pH and Its Effect on Fluid and Electrolytes

How the Body Regulates pH

Metabolic Acidosis

Causes of Metabolic Acidosis

Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis

Care of the Client with Metabolic Acidosis

Respiratory Acidosis

Causes of Respiratory Acidosis

Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis

Caring for the Client with Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis

Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis

Caring for the Client with Metabolic Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis

Care of the Client with Respiratory Alkalosis

Normal Electrolyte Values

Changes Associated with Aging

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and
Chapter 7 Caring for the Client with Burns

Burn Classifications

Burn Measurement with TBSA

Nursing Care for Burn Victims

The Resuscitative (Emergent) Phase

The Acute (Intermediate) Phase

Dressings for Burns

The Rehabilitative Phase

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 8 Caring for the Client with Sensorineural Disorders

Disorders of the Eyes

Intraocular Disorders

Retinal Disorders

Refractive Errors

Traumatic Injuries

Visual Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Ear Disorders

Otitis Externa

Otitis Media

Meniere’s Disease

Otosclerosis

Presbycusis

Ear Trauma

Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 9 Caring for the Client with Cancer

Cancer

American Cancer Society’s Seven Warning Signs of Cancer

The Four Major Categories of Cancer

Risk Factors for Specific Cancers

Cancer Prevention

Patient Teaching

Management of the Client with Cancer

Radiation

Chemotherapy

Bone Marrow Transplantation and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT)

Types of Transplants

Nursing Care After Transplantation

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Diagnosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Prognosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Treatment of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 10 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

Ulcers

Types of Ulcers

Treatment of Ulcers

Inflammatory Bowel Disorders

Crohn’s Disease (Regional Enteritis)

Ulcerative Colitis

Diverticulitis

Diagnosis of Diverticulitis

Treatment of Diverticulitis

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Diseases Associated with the Liver

Hepatitis

Cirrhosis

Pancreatitis

Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis

Symptoms of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis

Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholethiasis

Treatment of Cholecystitis

Treatment of Cholethiasis

Clostridium Difficile

Food-Borne Illnesses

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 11 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System

Fractures

Treating Fractures

Compartment Syndrome

Osteomyelitis

Osteoporosis

Treatment of Osteoporosis

Gout

Treatment of the Client with Gout

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures

Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement

Total Knee Replacement

Amputations

Assistive Devices for Ambulation

Crutches

Canes

Walkers

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 12 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Endocrine System

The Endocrine System

Pituitary Disorders

Tumors of the Pituitary

Thyroid Disorders

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Parathyroid Disorders

Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)

Adrenocortical Hypersecretion (Cushing’s Syndrome) or Cushing’s Disease

Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 13 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

Hypertension

Medications Used to Treat Hypertension

Heart Block

Toxicity to Medications

Malfunction of the Conduction System

Myocardial Infarction

Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

Management of Myocardial Infarction Clients

Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart

Infective Endocarditis

Pericarditis

Buerger’s Disease

Thrombophlebitis

Raynaud’s Syndrome

Aneurysms

Congestive Heart Failure

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 14 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System

Seizures

Types of Seizures

Treatment of Seizure Clients

Status Epilepticus

Brain Injuries

Epidural Hematomas

Subdural Hematoma

Treatment of Epidural and Subdural Hematomas

Increased Intracranial Pressure

Treatment of ICP

Neurological Assessment

Cranial Nerve Assessment

Glasgow Coma Scale

Intracranial Pressure Monitors

Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy)

Cerebrovascular Accident/Stroke

Spinal Cord Injury

Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries

Potential Complications with SCI Clients

Guillain-Barré

Treating Clients with Guillian-Barré

Degenerative Neurological Disorders

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 15 Caring for the Client with Psychiatric Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Specific Phobia

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Trauma-Related Disorders

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Somatic Disorder

Personality Disorders

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Dependent Personality Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Managing Clients with Personality Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia

Bipolar Disorders

Substance Abuse

Alcoholism

Other Commonly Abused Substances

Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Disruptive, Control, and Conduct Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Eating Disorders

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 16 Caring for the Maternal/Infant Client

Signs of Pregnancy

Presumptive Signs

Probable Signs

Positive Signs

Prenatal Care

Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance

Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening

Other Prenatal Diagnostic Tests

Assessing Fetal Heart Tones

Ultrasonography

Signs of Complications of Pregnancy

Types of Abortions

Complications Affecting Pregnancy

Diabetes in Pregnancy

Preeclampsia

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Cord Prolapse

Abruptio Placenta

Placenta Previa

Maternal Infections

Preterm Labor

Intrapartal Care

Stages of Labor

Phases of Labor

Important Terms You Should Know

Prelabor Testing

Fetal Monitoring

Pharmacologic Management of Labor

Postpartum Care

Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn

Rh Incompatibility

Contraception

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Chapter 17 Caring for the Pediatric Client

Growth and Development

Infant (28 Days to 1 Year)

Toddler (1—3 Years)

NCLEX-PN Exam Cram, Fifth Edition

Preschooler (3—5 Years)

School Age (6—12 Years)

Adolescence (12—18 Years)

Congenital Anomalies

Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal System

Anomalies of the Musculoskeltal System

Anomalies of the Cardiovascular System

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Respiratory Disorders

Acute Otitis Media

Tonsillitis

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Acute Epiglottitis

Bronchiolitis

Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis)

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gastroenteritis

Pyloric Stenosis

Intussusception

Celiac Disease (Gluten-Induced Enteropathy, Celiac Sprue)

Cardiovascular Disorders

Rheumatic Fever

Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Scoliosis

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana)

Muscular Dystrophies

Childhood Cancer

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

Leukemia

Osteogenic Sarcoma (Osteosarcoma)

Ingestion of Hazardous Substances

Salicylate Overdose

Acetaminophen Overdose

Lead Poisoning (Plumbism)

Iron Poisoning

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

Suggested Reading and Resources
Practice Exam 1

Answers to Practice Exam 1

Practice Exam 2

Answers to Practice Exam 2

Appendix A Things You Forgot

Appendix B Need to Know More?

Appendix C Calculations

Glossary
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